As the title says, does robobasic have anything to do with visual basic?
They both have the word basic in them. 
They are both loosely based on basic. So if you know one flavor of basic it would not be hard to pick up the other.
However if I remember correctly RoboBasic is very primitive in certain things. For example in expressions there is no operator precedence and they do not allow you to use parenthesis.
Visual basic has more flow control capabilities include subroutines with parameters and the like…
Robobasic does have a lot of support that is specific to the hardware that it runs on such as the MR-C3024. This includes things like the PULSE command.