of websites and books on this subject. While electronics are a big part of robot building it would be a waste of space to have basic tutorials on the subject here. I did a search of this site for a resistor and transistor and there are enough nodes that already talk about the design and use of such components.
When I did my trade apprenticeship 28 years ago we got 1 week of 1 hour a day on electronics theory in the final block. This of course was no where near enough to bring you up to speed and that was 28 years ago when things were simpler. I took post trade courses after that and thanks to the web learnt heaps more on top of that.
It really comes down to how bad do you want to learn it. Because you can never know enough to do anything you want to with electronics. You are always going to need to learn something new. The real skill needed here is how to go about finding the knowledge that you need to complete your project. One of the best ways I have learnt is never rely on one explanation of anything. Sometimes you are not on the same wavelength or thinking the same way as the author so if you read 3 different explanations by 3 different people you get a better idea as well as broader coverage of the topic.
So do a search here if you want an explanation about how resistors work or a transistor. Then go and buy a good book. I could recommend my old college textbook “electronic devices” by Floyd published by Merrill but there are stacks of others. A lot of people rave about a book called "The art of electronics."
And then google. That is the cheapest and most powerful tool for gaining knowledge man has ever created.
If you don’t like reading then you are in trouble. No one can plant the knowledge in your brain any other way. Oh and of course experiment and be prepared for mistakes. You learn faster by mistakes than any other way. If you are low on resources then make mistakes with scavenged parts rather than bought. And finally… Good Luck!
