Hi, im looking to incorporate cliff sensors into my robot similar to the ones used on those robotic vaccume cleaners. I am using the picaxe 28 pin project board given in this tutorial https://www.robotshop.com/letsmakerobots/node/17. Would i be able to use 4 infared proximity sensors https://www.sparkfun.com/products/12728 to achive this or is there something better i could use.
Yes, those will work and would be easy to use. It would be an excellent solution to the problem you present.
You can buy a few IR emitters and IR receivers or use light dectecting resistors with an LED to do the same thing for much less money (14*4 = $56 with Sharp sensors, probably around $15 if you buy the parts in the states, $3 or so through ebay but wait a month for them to arrive). The whole idea is that if the IR or LED emit energy that is pointed at the floor, the receiver will pick it up if there is something there for it to bounce off of (ie a floor or some surface). If there is nothing for it to bounce off of, that means your robot is about to go off a cliff so make the robot stop. They are a little finicky since you have to point them in the right direction etc. and if they get hit, they will give bad information.
To tell if something is black or white, you probably want an IR reflectance sensor. Since black absorbs IR, you would know it was black if the sensor wasn’t absorbing any radiation. You could also be going over a cliff.