How to Make a Drone / UAV – Lesson 3: Propulsion

@anil kasana Carrying 5L means carrying around 5Kg (not including the weight of the container) which does not include the weight of the UAV itself or the battery, which means the complete platform will likely weight around 8-10Kg, which is actually avery heavy platform. You will therefore need to consider a very large multirotor vehicle (likely a hexacopter or octocopter). If you are prepared to spend several thousand dollars on such a platform, please contact us via the RobotShop Forum with an idea of your budget and requirements and we will see what can be put together.

If I use a microcontroller should I use a ESC?
Can I make 3 inputs of a brushless motor to 2 inputs

@Shripal A microcontroller cannot control a brushless DC motor - you need one ESC per motor. If you use one ESC to power two motors, it needs to be able to provide enough current, and you won’t have the ability to control each motor separately. It’s best to have one ESC per motor.

hi sir,this is honey,i am a since student(mca),but i am interesting to build a drone,it’s maximum flying time 6 hours – 8 hours etc, it is to use to carry a 10 kg weight with attachment of a 200 meters rubber pipe.
------------------->my main doubt
1)it is designable or not?
2)if it is not,than what requirements i need?
3)if it is possible,it’s budget how much require?

@honey If the drone is an airplane, it is possible. If the drone is a multirotor which always needs to fight against gravity, it’s rare that they operate beyond 30 minutes (most operate for under 20 minutes). 10Kg is also quite a heavy payload for any type of UAV, and the fact that you need it to drag 200m of pipe does not seem practical.

Hi Coleman, please tell me whether we must use ground station (ex. Laptop or mobile) or complete Drone can be controled with the use of RC transmitter. Also if we are using only RC transmitter, how to receive data from flight controller to ground station, if we want to receive.

@Rutuja You rarely need a computer when operating a drone; the ground control station is used primarily when you have a controller in a box, a large video display, several transmitters and receivers (and possibly a computer), and sometimes a larger directional antenna. For waypoint navigation however, the GPS coordinates are saved on the drone itself, after which the computer is not needed unless you are getting feedback. What are your objectives?

Thank you so much for your reply coleman. The objective of our project is to develop a Drone having capability of handling payload of 1.5 Kg and should be able to travel for a distance of 8 Km.

Hi Coleman Benson,
It was really very helpful and informative link. Can you please help me out in solving a small query?
If payload is 5Kg including everything(battery,frame,etc.) ,Propeller Size is 13 inches with 4 blades and overall size is 32 inches. Then what battery specs should i choose… So that it can get 10 Kg of thrust. Don’t include ESC and motor specs for now.
i.e. , can 10000mAh provide me a thrust of 10kg.
Thanks in advance…

@Avi You need to know the specifications of your motors when you use 13" propellers while operated at a specific voltage. The battery does not determine thrust. If you don’t have these specs, you might need to do some testing. A 10Ah battery pack is actually quite large and heavy (are you certain that’s within your 5Kg total weight?).

Hi Coleman, The requirement of our project is to have thrust generation of 600 g. Can you please suggest the suitable motor, propeller ESC combination for our thrust requirement.

@Rutuja To choose the right power system, you need to know the total weight of your assembly including everything. Motors are rated at maximum thrust production. If you need a total of 600g including everything, many choices are available. Here is a suggestion:
T-Motor AIR 350 Multirotor Kit

Sir actually these lesson will be also helpful for my cllg project ty so much…:slight_smile:

How do you pair a motor to an ESC? I know the ESC needs to be able to handle the maximum amount of current, but what about the voltage? Does it matter? The ESCs I have seen have had a much lower input voltage than the motor.

@Nate Most ESCs should have a voltage rating (or min/max). Since the common voltages used by brrushless DC motors for hobby use are 3S (11.1V) or 4S (14.4V), some manufacturers simply make the assumption that this is what you’ll apply and don’t list the specs on the ESC. If you’re not sure, it’s best to contact the manufacturer.

sir i want to make a drone which can carry approx 5-6 kg weight and flight time around 30 min,so for these which battery and motor i should select as in according to there specs

@vaibhav Patil 5-6Kg payload is actually quite a bit, especially if you also want a 30 min flight time (which means a lot of batteries). Take a look at the procedure for choosing motors and propellers and we suggest considering at least a hexacopter design.

Yes sir i am going to make hexacopter only so for that i am thinking of using two Multistar 10000Amh batteries and 940kv bldc motor and depending upon these what size propellers i should select , will these be enough to achieve my target ?

@vaibhav Patil Two 10,000mAh batteries (likely 11.1V?) are quite heavy - that makes for a very large hexacopter. Can you find a large BLDC motor which provides thrust based on propeller size? You will likely be considering propellers in the 14" (or larger) range.

Can I have some Regression Models (benchmarking) of Key Parameters of proven Electric-powered UAVs with Fixed Wings, please? Many thanks in advance.